processdesign

Process Design

Process design determines :

How a product is to be produced

Who should produce

What equipment will be needed

"Make" or "buy" decision is part of a process planning function. "Make" or "buy" decisions are typically managerial decisions requiring input from finance, industrial engineering, marketing, process engineering, purchasing and human resources.

Secondary Questions	Primary Questions
Is the item available? Is the quality satisfactory? Are the available sources relaible?
Is the manufacturing of the item consistent with the firm's objectives? Do we have the technical expertise? Is the labor and manufacturing capacity available? Does the item require the utilization of existing labor and production capacities?
What are the alternative methods ? What quantities will be demanded? What are the product liability issues which impact the purchase or manufacture of the item?
What are the other opportunities for the utilization of our capital? What are the cost of receiving external financing? What are the future investment implications if the item is manufactured?

The input to the facilities planner is a listing of the items to be made and the items to be purchased. The listing often takes the form of a parts list or a bill of materials.

Parts list includes the following:

Part numbers

Part name

Number of parts per product

Drawing references

Bill of Materials:

Bill of materials often referred to as a structural parts list, as it contains the same information as a parts list plus information on the structure of the product. The product structure is a hierarchy referring to the level of [product assembly. Level o indicates the final product; level 1 applies to subassemblies and components, etc..

Bill of Materials and role in Manufacturing

Bill of Materials Developer's Kit

Process Identification:

Process identification is a description of what is to be accomplished by a certain production process. For a product the following must be included:

Parts list and bill of materials

Component part drawings

Quantities to be produced

Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP):

Variant	Generative
Standard process plans for each part family are stored and retrieved whenever needed. (Group technology) This method applies to the retrieval of existing components or modification of existing components.	Generation of production processes for new components.

CAPP systems can be used to interact with facilities planning process.

Route Sheet:

A route sheet indicates the output of process selection procedure, which includes:

Processes (welding, drilling, milling..)

Equipment (drill press, lathe, CNC machining center)

Raw materials(steel, cast iron, plastic, aluminum..)

Sequencing the required processes can be done by three different methods:

Assembly chart (Begins with completed product and trace the product disassembly back to its basic components)

Operation Processing chart (Superimposes the route sheets on the assembly charts to see the overview of the flow of processing)

Precedence diagram (Network representation of a process, that shows the interactions from the initial time to the final product more clearly)

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Last Update: September 10, 2000

Prepared by : Serdar Z. Elgun